b'III. Phoenix The experience of reading John Ruskins Unto This Last while riding a train in late 1904 transformed Gandhi. He decided to do more than fight for the rights of Indians in South Africa: he would build an idyllic haven, inspired by Tolstoy, where people of many faiths and ethnicities could live cooperatively. He bought a farm near Phoenix, outside Durban, and on December 24, announced the decision to move his newspaper Indian Opinion there, a move which would gradually commit him and his family to the ashram lifestyle. The ashrams Gandhi founded were many things to many people, but among their inspiring achievements were the interfaith prayer meetings Gandhi led. In the third movement of the concerto, the tuba, flute, and solo violin are Hindu, singing the bhajan Vaishnava Janato, while the violas and cellos are Christian, intoning the hymn Lead, Kindly Light. The clarinet is Muslim, playing figures inspired by the call to prayer, and the muted trumpet is Jewish, recalling the sound of the shofar. Together they blend in harmony of the sort Gandhi created so successfully. IV. Hartal The atmosphere in Johannesburgs Empire Theatre was tense on September 11, 1906. On this day, Gandhi would issue his first-ever call on the packed audience of Indian expatriates in South Africa to initiate civil disobedience. At the time, the traditional term of hartal, meaning withdrawal or non-cooperation, would have been widely understood, but later Gandhi used the term satyagraha. On this occasion, in order to convince the South African government to cancel its unjust demand that all Indians must re-register, Gandhi proposed that Indians risk jail by not complying with this demand. In this movement, the orchestral violins represent the Indians. At a specific point, they stop playing, and the brass, representing the white South Africans, become quite indignant, but Gandhi peacefully continues his hartal. V. Khadi In order to deny the British Empire the income from imported English textiles, Gandhi increasingly promoted khadi, the homespun cloth he encouraged Indians to spin in their own homes. Given how laborious it was and a shortage of khadi in Madurai, he decided in September 1921 to forgo wearing a shirt, which dramatized to the world the depth of his commitment to khadi. This movement is the most simple, the most intimate, featuring just the solo violin and a harp, representing the spinning wheel.continued'